Study of Double Sided Discourse In The "Blue Mondays of The Month" and "For Whom The Bell Tolls" Novels

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Persian Language and Literature,, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch

3 Language& Litrature department , Azad university , North of Tehran

Abstract

Double-voiced discourse is a term that Bakhtin has introduced in his theory of polyphony. In this approach, the author’s voice is manifested in the text through literary techniques including stylization or style-switching, parody, oral discourse resonance, and hidden polemic discourse. Against this background, the present study examines two war novels: Mohammadreza Kateb’s Blue Mondays of the Month as well as Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls. The research method utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on library documents to analyze and compare the two aforementioned novels. The objective of this study is to discover the hidden voice of the text that the author displays using various techniques. The research demonstrates that characterization in both novels is achieved through the naming of characters. In Kateb’s novel in the form of the nonchalant behavior of the sniper in a war situation and in Hemingway’s novel in the form of the hero’s passionate behavior and words in a sensitive and extravagant situation. Oral discourse in the Iranian novel echoes Baba’s weaknesses within the text, while the American novel explores the devastating consequences of war and prioritizes political interests over regional security. Hidden polemical discourse is present in Kateb’s novel, as the engineer’s discourse reveals both Baba’s sympathetic and serious voices. Similarly, in Hemingway’s novel, Pablo’s commanding voice is subtly present in Pilar’s words, while Maria’s words reflect Pilar’s femininity. Furthermore, Robert’s voice carries the discourse of the Republican party.

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